Simone de Beauvoir

1908 – 1986 · Paris · Existentialism

The existentialist who showed that 'woman' is made, not born — and that freedom is real only when it is shared.

“One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”

The Second Sex, introduction

Core ideas

  • One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman
  • My freedom is bound to the freedom of others
  • Ethics requires ambiguity: no formulas, only situations

Historical context

Wrote The Second Sex (1949) from postwar Paris; it scandalized, sold, and began second-wave feminism's theoretical life.

Key works

The Second Sex · The Ethics of Ambiguity

Questions they speak to

Minds in conversation

Sources

  • Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Simone de Beauvoir