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Chronology

  1. 750 BCE – 100 BCE (c.)

    Babylonian astronomers systematize the sky

    Late Babylonian scribes kept centuries of systematic records of celestial positions and developed mathematical schemes to predict lunar and planetary phenomena.

  2. 300 BCE (c.)

    Euclid's Elements

    Euclid organized Greek geometry into axioms, definitions and proven theorems — one of the most reprinted books in history.

  3. 820 CE (c.)

    Al-Khwarizmi writes al-jabr

    Al-Khwarizmi systematized solving equations in The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing, and popularized Hindu-Arabic numerals.