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Chronology

  1. 1440 – 1455 (c.)

    Gutenberg's movable-type press

    Combining metal movable type, oil-based ink and a screw press, Gutenberg printed the 42-line Bible; within decades presses spread across Europe.

  2. 1620

    Bacon programs the scientific project

    Francis Bacon's Novum Organum proposed knowledge as a collective, cumulative enterprise: observation, experiment, tables of instances, organized institutions.

  3. 1991

    The World Wide Web opens to everyone

    Tim Berners-Lee's CERN project — URLs, HTTP, HTML — was released royalty-free; by 1993 Mosaic made it visual, and the web took over the internet.